So I guess this is Goodbye?

I hope you did enjoy reading my blog and I wish that you were able to learn a ton of new things. :)

Thank you for the time you spent here at arbombase.blogspot.com.

This is Roni, and I am now signing off. Au Revoir! :)

Fifth Generation of Computers

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE





Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development.

The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.

The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

Fourth Generation of Computers

MICROPROCESSORS

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand.

As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.

Third Generation of Computers

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory.

Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

Second Generation of Computers

TRANSISTORS

The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors.

Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.

Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words.

These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.

First Generation of Computers

VACUUM TUBES

The vacuum tubes were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.

The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.

First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time.

Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.

Network

A NETWORK is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.

Without the network, we would not be able to connect with our friends from places miles away from us.

If it wasn't also for the network, the social networking sites that are almost a part of our daily lives nowadays would not be that efficient.

                        

                    There are many types of network; Sir Tom introduced some to us.

1. LOCAL AREA NETWORK

 

LAN is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area.

2. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK

MAN is a computer network that spans a metropolitan area or campus.

Its geographic scope falls between a WAN and LAN.

3. WIDE AREA NETWORK

WAN is a computer network that spans a large physical distance such as the Internet.

There are a lot more types of network, and these three are just some of the common ones.

If the Binary Number is the Computer's basic language, the Machine Cycle is the CPU's basic operation.


Now, how does this operation work?

       It consists of a sequence of 3 steps. 
Fetch. Decode. Execute.

FETCH

Retrieve an instruction from the memory.

DECODE

Translate the retrieved instruction into a series of computer commands.

EXECUTE

Execute the computer commands.

STORE

Write the results back in memory.

Conversion

At first, I had the "how-in-the-world-am-i-going-to-convert-these" look in my face when I saw the numbers flashed on the screen.

But then again, Sir Tom made it easy for us to apply conversion on these numbers.

From...

• BINARY – DECIMAL

• DECIMAL – BINARY

• BINARY – HEXADECIMAL

• HEXADECIMAL – BINARY

• DECIMAL – HEXADECIMAL

• HEXADECIMAL – DECIMAL

I now know how to deal with these numbers. Ha! Taste of victory. I feel like I'm a math pro right now (even though that could never happen lol).

Almost all things in this world occur in pairs.

Sun and Moon. North and South. Spoon and fork. Girl and boy. Tint and shade. Off and on. And even ONE and ZERO.

Now, what I am talking about?

I am referring to the binary number wherein only the ones and zeroes are included.

Because of its simple and elegant design, the binary number is used as the computer's primary language.

What is an Operating System?

Operating System. Do we really know one when we see one?

Well, let us first start with the definition of an operating system.





An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides 
common services for computer programs.

                                                                

Still don't get it?

Windows 7, Windows XP, Windows 8, Ubuntu and Linux. Yeah, they're just some of the many operating systems. Now, do you get it? Great! :D
'Cause at first, I also did not know what is an operating system  :3

        We use computers in our everyday life. But do we really know what a computer system is and how it works?

A computer system is a complete, working computer. 

Computer systems will include the computer along with any software and peripheral devices that are necessary to make the computer function. Every computer system, for example, requires an operating system.

I'm back. :)

Hi guys! Missed me? Hope you did. 



    



'Cause now I'm back and I can't wait to spill out a bunch of awesome new techie stuff. :D






From computer systems to conversions and to the generations of computers, I'll be chitchatting with you. :)


Hope you guys enjoy my oh-so-techie-blog! ;)

I'll be saying goodbye to the 3rd Quarter. And I am now ready to face the Last Quarter and again, make my brain more awesome by learning more stuff about technology. :)

I hope you learned a lot from my blog and I wish you'll be able to apply these techniques in MS Excel.

 Ciao! :D

Image Source: https://images.search.yahoo.com

Macro

What is a Macro?

When is it used?

What is it for?

How do you do it?

A macro is a symbol, name, or key that represents a list of commands, actions, or keystrokes. Many programs allow you to create macros so that you can enter a single character or word to perform a whole series of actions.

Can you believe that you can be able to create a game because of Macros? The game, Minesweeper has macros applied to it. Yes, that's how powerful Macro is. And that's how efficient MS Excel is. Now, you know. :)

Reference: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/macro.html

              http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_%28computer_science%29

Image Source: https://images.search.yahoo.com

                    http://gifsoup.com/view/4486833/minesweeper.html

Types of Charts

I want to enumerate some kinds of charts that can be used in Excel so you will be able to know what type of chart to insert at instances.

 
First is the Column Chart.

It is useful for showing data changes over a period of time or for illustrating comparisons among items.

There are two types namely the Clustered Column Chart and the Stacked Column Chart.


Second is the Line Chart.

it displays continuous data overtime, sets against a common scale, and is therefore ideal for showing trends in data at equal intervals.

Line-With-Markers. This is the default Line Chart. But other options also include Stacked Line.

 

Third is the Pie Chart.

It shows the size of items in one data series, proportional to the sum of the items. The data points in a pie chart are displayed as a percentage of the whole pie.




 

Fourth is the Bar Chart.

It illustrates comparisons among

individual items. It is advisable to be used when the axis labels are long and the values that are shown are durations.

 

 

Fifth is the Area Chart.

It emphasizes the magnitude of change over time, and can be used to draw attention to the total value across a trend.







Reference: http://peltiertech.com/Excel/ChartsHowTo/ChartType.html
                  http://moodle.pshs-brc.edu.ph/pluginfile.php/4913/mod_resource/content/0/Charts.pdf
Image Source: https://images.search.yahoo.com

Data Representation

 

 Can you insert charts and graphs in MS Excel?

Yes, you surely can!

If you think that you can only enter the data in the cells and do nothing else to make it more presentable, you are wrong.

There are different ways to display data. Aside from just inputting the data into the cells, you can also express it in charts and graphs.

For example, if you are trying to communicate relations, such as how displacement changes with respect to force, it would be better if you will use a graph. 

These graphs and charts are more visual (qualitative). So if you hate numbers that much, try to use these, at least there would be some graphics in the sheet. :D

Reference: http://faculty.up.edu/lulay/MEStudentPage/graphexamples-how-to-do.pdf

Image Source: https://images.search.yahoo.com

Conditional Formatting

 






What is the use of conditional formatting?

Adding conditional formatting to a cell in Excel allows you to apply different formatting options, such as color, when the data in that cell meets the conditions that you have set.

                                           Where can we apply conditional formatting?

The use of conditional formatting is very efficient.

We can apply conditional formatting for the dates, for duplicating data and for values that are above or below the average value in a range of cells.

Reference: http://spreadsheets.about.com
Image Source: https://images.search.yahoo.com

IF Function

What is the IF Function for?

This returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE, and another value if that condition evaluates to FALSE.

                                                           Reference:http://moodle.pshs-brc.edu.ph/pluginfile.php4818/mod_resource/content/0/IF.pdf 
                                                           Image Source:https://images.search.yahoo.com

   This was the activity I did applying the IF Function: